Integrated Optimization of Train Timetable and Stop Plan Based on Virtual Coupling

Based on analyzing the operation process of two adjacent trains at stations under virtual coupling technology, this paper constructed an integrated model to optimize the train timetable and train stop plan based on virtual coupling. The departure/arrival times, running times, dwell times, skip/stop variables and virtual coupling/decoupling variables were considered in the integrated optimization model to minimize the total passengers' waiting time and in-vehicle time. The model is a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP). The model is further reformulated into a single-objective model by fuzzy programming. A numerical example was solved by CPLEX and a real-world case was implemented by an extended adaptive large-scale neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm using C language. The results indicate that the variable stop plan considering virtual coupling can effectively reduce the total passengers' travel time. In addition, virtual coupling can solve the problem of insufficient train supply, especially when passenger demand becomes twice or three times the current one.