Towards Next-Generation Smart Ports: A Review on Seaport Microgrid, Smart Architecture, and Future Prospects

Maritime industry has experienced substantial progress with impressive technological advancements in recent decades. However, this growth has also created new challenges that threaten the industry. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the next-generation smart ports, focusing on seaport microgrids with hierarchical control strategies. Additionally, the next-generation port's digitalized architecture is detailed. The digital transition of seaports provides benefits and opportunities to guide all stakeholders to execute effective preventative and restorative procedures in the territory of ports. Finally, the paper discusses the future prospects of the maritime industry, highlighting recent technological solutions that enhance productivity and smartness.