An Overview of State Estimation for Battery Management Systems

The growth in Li-Ion battery usage for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) has amplified the need for improved Battery Management Systems (BMS) design. Parameters such as State-of-Charge (SOC), State-of-Health (SOH), and State-of-Power (SOP) are crucial for BMS. This paper provides an overview of various methods to determine these states. The estimation of SOC is fundamental, as determining other states often hinges on it. Multiple techniques are presented for state estimation. They range from empirical implementations and mathematical modeling to intricate algorithms and data-driven strategies.