Preparations for a train-to-train impact test of crash-energy management passenger rail equipment

Preparations are ongoing for a full-scale train-to-train impact test of crash-energy management (CEM) equipment, during which a cab car-led passenger consist, initially moving at 30 mph, will impact a standing locomotive-led consist. The colliding consists will be of approximately equal masses. This test is planned for November 2005. The purpose of the full-scale testing program is to define the crashworthiness performance of conventional and CEM passenger equipment. In the train-to-train test of conventional equipment, the lead cab car crushed by nearly 22 feet and overrode the standing locomotive. In the train-to-train test of CEM equipment, the leading end of the impacting cab car is expected to crush by approximately 3 feet and distribute crush to the successive car interfaces. The car consist is expected to remain in-line, with no lateral buckling and override modes of deformation. This paper describes the steps being taken to develop a CEM cab car crush zone design, based upon the recently developed and tested coach car crush zone design. The components required for an effective CEM cab car design include a push-back coupler, energy absorbing elements, a crushable anti-climber to manage the interaction with the locomotive, and a cage for preserving the operator's space. Preliminary predictions of the dynamic response of the two consists include the distribution of crush among the cars in the train and the decelerations of the cars. These predictions are compared with the measurements made during the conventional train-to-train test. While the CEM design preserves occupant volume, the secondary impact velocities in the lead cab car and the first coach car may be more severe. Five occupant experiments will be included on the cab car and first coach car of the full-scale train-to-train impact test to ensure that the occupants are protected during the collision. These occupant experiments will include modified versions of forward-facing intercity seats, forward- and rear-facing commuter seats, and facing commuter seats with intervening workstation tables.