Above threshold analysis of mode discrimination in circular grating surface-emitting lasers with saturable absorber

In this paper, the influence of introducing of passive region (saturable absorber) on threshold circular mode generation was discussed. The theoretical model of threshold operation of the circular grating surface-emitting (CG-SEL) laser taking into account effect of spatial hole burning and reflection from integrated outcoupler was proposed. A semiclassical model based on vector-wave self-consistent nonlinear coupled-mode equations was developed. Analysis of laser characteristics leads us to conclusion that the introduced saturable absorber causes azimutal mode discrimination and also bistable operation.