Large format long-wavelength GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum well infrared detector arrays for astronomy

A long-wavelength large format quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array has been successfully used in a ground based astronomy experiment. QWIP arrays afford greater flexibility than the usual extrinsically doped semiconductor infrared (IR) arrays. The wavelength of the peak response and cutoff can be continuously tailored over a range wide enough to enable light detection at any wavelength range between 6-20 /spl mu/m. The spectral band width of these detectors can be tuned from narrow (/spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda/ /spl sim/ 10%) to wide (/spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda/ /spl sim/ 40 %) allowing various applications. Also, QWIP device parameters can be optimized to achieve extremely high performances at lower operating temperatures (/spl sim/ 30 K) due to exponential suppression of dark current. Furthermore, QWIPs offer low cost per pixel and highly uniform large format focal plane arrays (FPAs) mainly due to mature GaAs/AlGaAs growth and processing technologies. The other advantages of GaAs/AlGaAs based QWIPs are higher yield, lower 1/f noise and radiation hardness. Recently, we operated an infrared camera with a 256/spl times/256 QWIP array sensitive at 8.5 /spl mu/m at the prime focus of the 5 m Hale telescope, obtaining the images. The remarkable noise stability - and low 1/f noise - of QWIP focal plane arrays enable cameras to operate by modulating the optical signal with a nod period up to 100 s. A 500 s observation on dark sky renders a flat image with little indication of the low spatial frequency structures associated with imperfect sky subtraction or detector drifts.