A dynamic tire/road friction model for 3D vehicle control and simulation

A tire/road friction model based on the LuGre dry friction model and on tire dynamics is presented. The dynamics of the longitudinal and lateral forces, and the self-aligning torque are described by a set of first order differential equations. This model is suitable for 3D vehicle traction/braking simulation and control. A comparison of the forces and torque produced by this dynamic model with the well known "magic formula" is presented.