Nonlinear diffusion model for annealed proton-exchanged waveguides in zirconium-doped lithium niobate

We are presenting the development of a nonlinear diffusion model to aid the design and fabrication of annealed proton-exchanged (APE) channel waveguides in zirconium-doped lithium niobate (Zr:LiNbO
₃
or Zr:LN). This work follows research at Stanford by Bortz [1, 8] and Roussev [2], who developed nonlinear diffusion models for congruently melting LiNbO
₃
(CLN).