Trajectory Synchronization between air and ground trajectory predictors

Trajectory Based Operations is a key concept of future air traffic management systems in both the United States and Europe. An overarching goal of Trajectory Based Operations is to reduce the uncertainly associated with the prediction of an aircraft's future location through the use of an accurate 4-Dimensional Trajectory. This is not realizable without improving the coordination and interoperability of air and ground systems. By leveraging GE's Flight Management System and aircraft expertise with Lockheed Martin's Air Traffic Control domain expertise including the En Route Automation Modernization system, a research effort has been undertaken to explore and evaluate Trajectory Synchronization and Negotiation concepts that bring airspace operations closer to the business- optimal goal in a safe and efficient manner. This paper focuses on different aspects of Trajectory Synchronization concepts, including existing gaps and shortfalls, and potential approaches to resolve them. An analysis of trajectory synchronization use cases and an air-ground trajectory synchronization algorithm are presented. The simulation infrastructure incorporating actual Flight Management System and En Route Automation Modernization system trajectory predictors is discussed, including simulation results from a trajectory synchronization case study. The cases studied show that consistent trajectory predictions can be achieved between the air and ground systems through trajectory data exchange via Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications uplink and downlink messages as well as the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract service, including the Extended Projected Profile application.