TAS and wind estimation from radar data

Accurate wind magnitude and direction estimation is essential for aircraft trajectory prediction. For instance, based on these data, one may compute entry and exit times from a sector or detect potential conflict between aircraft. Since the flight path has to be computed and updated on real time for such applications, wind information has to be available in real time too. The wind data which are currently available through meteorological service broadcast suffer from small measurement rate with respect to location and time. In this paper, a new wind estimation method based on radar track measures is proposed. When on board true air speed measures are available, a linear model is developed for which a Kalman filter is used to produce high quality wind estimate. When only aircraft position measures are available, an observability analysis shows that wind may be estimated only if trajectories have one or two turns depending of the number of aircraft located in a given area. Based on this observability conditions, closed forms of the wind has been developed for the one and two aircraft cases. By this mean, each aircraft can be seen as a wind sensor when it is turning. After performing evaluations in realistic frameworks, our approach is able to estimate the wind vectors accurately. Based on those local wind estimates, a global space-time wind field estimation using vector splines is interpolated in order to produce wind maps in the area of interest. The underline model for wind field computation is Shallow-Water, which assumes geostrophic wind. The accuracy of this wind map is dependent of the number wind estimates in a given zone. Further improvements to the estimation can be made by correlating with meteorological measurements.