Millimeter-wave artificial dielectric gradient index lenses

We present an artificial dielectric gradient index lens designed to operate at millimeter-wave frequencies. Finite element simulations are used in conjunction with material parameter retrieval techniques to design an artificial dielectric unit cell with an optimum refractive index range. This refractive index range is then used with ray-tracing software to arrive at an optimized index profile. A lens with this index profile is realized using multilayer printed wiring boards (PWBs) and tested.