Simulation of microwave scattering from soil surfaces using a single combined field integral equation

A novel scheme using a single combined field integral equation (SCFIE) in conjunction with a multilevel sparse-matrix canonical-grid (MSMCG) method is developed to analyze the microwave scattering from bare wet soil surfaces at microwave frequencies. Compared with using coupling integral equations, the single integral equation method reduces the number of unknowns by a factor of two and generates a faster iterative solution. Simulation results are provided for soil random rough surfaces with exponential correlation functions.