Variable focal length on-and off-axis deformable concave and convex mirror and its application for thermal lens compensation

We have improved deformable mirror approach to allow good parabolic deformation for efficient thermal lens compensation. Our design uses an annulus to push onto the back surface of a flat mirror substrate, simply supported at the outer edge, thereby creating a parabolic deformation within the encircled area. We built an assembly using a 25.4 mm diameter, 1 mm thick mirror with a wedge of less than 10 arc seconds that was deformed with a 12 mm diameter annulus at the back of the mirror. Using a Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor we performed careful measurements to characterize the performance of the mirrors.