Two-dimensional, nonlinear oscillator array antenna

This paper details the design and performance of a 25-element, two-dimensional, nonlinear oscillator array antenna operating near the L1 GPS (1.57542 GHz) frequency. A simple theoretical framework for understanding its principle of operation (a reliance on the synchronization properties of coupled, nonlinear oscillators for phase coherence and inertia-less scanning) is provided. A unique feature of this design, the integration of diagnostic circuitry for the real-time simultaneous measurement of element-level amplitude and phase for calibration and control, is described.