Nonlinear Effects In Transoceanic Transmission Systems

Given the advantages of Erbium-doped fiber-amplifiers,1 the next generation of undersea cable transmission systems will use EDFAs in repeaters to boost signals periodically as they travel across the world's oceans. The first EDFA-based systems will use the Non-Return-to-Zero modulation format at bit rates up to 5 Gb/s with dispersion-shifted transmission fiber. AT&T, with its partners, plans to install and operate transoceanic cable systems using EDF A repeaters by 1995-96 in the Atlantic and Pacific.