Fully Distributed Energy and Reserve Scheduling for Hybrid AC/DC Systems

Preparing spin reserve power in advance is an efficient approach to address the intermittency of renewable energy. To promote renewables penetration levels and increase the cost-efficiency of bulk power system, a novel flexible HVDC model that allows both energy and reserve transmitted across regions is proposed. Based on this, a risk based dynamic reserve schedule (RBDRS) model is introduced for the investigating systems. In addition, renewable generation and load centers locate separately in an extensive spatial range and are usually managed by the different system operators in practice. Therefore, a fully distributed calculation method which is based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed. The proposed decomposition method adaptively updates its parameters during the iteration process which guarantees calculation efficiency and convergence properties. Moreover, the dynamic updating strategy only requires limited information from the direct neighbor, therefore the privacy operational information of each regional AC grid is well protected while the fully distributed application is realized. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model and algorithm are validated through case studies based on a 2-area 6-bus system and a 3-area 354-bus system.