State-of-the-Art Technologies and Future Development of Pure Electric Vehicles

Recently, the worldwide shortage of fossil energies raised the demand for the integration of non-fossil energy in modern automotive engineering. Among various new energy automobiles, pure electric vehicles (PEVs) are widely developed by considering the advances in energy-saving capability, zero-emissions, reliability enhancement and cost-effectiveness. To enhance the performance of PEVs, various optimizations strategies are proposed in prior arts to guarantee mechanical and electric effectiveness. In this paper, the state-of-the-art electric advances in PEVs are systematically introduced and discussed in battery types, energy management systems, power charging methods, and motor control. Subsequently, a comprehensive comparison is given, and the research perspectives in the electric domain are drawn.