How are Industry 4.0 Reference Architectures Used in CPPS Development?

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) reference architectures aim to facilitate the development of cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) by providing uniform conceptual structures and terminologies. However, their use in CPPS development has not been examined to date. The goal of this paper is to analyze existing approaches that integrate I4.0 reference architectures as part of the development process. The literature is categorized in three types that are distinguished by the ways in which they make use of a reference architecture. Observations and conclusions focus on the specific reference architectures used and their architectural layers.