Nanopore Sensing for Proteins Involved in Disease

The development of fast, accurate and low-cost methods of analysis is increasingly necessary in the context of species evolution. Techniques based on the use of nanopores for the analysis of various disease-specific biomarkers have received attention from researchers. Studies have developed significantly, from the use of the
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- HL protein pore to integrated devices such as the one developed by Oxford Nanopore Technology. The aim is to reach the full potential of using nanopores for clinical analysis, specifically to use them for various molecules regardless of their physicochemical properties (size, electric charge, concentration in solution). In this context, experimental protocols need to be adapted for each molecule to optimize biomarker analysis methods. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment leading to a higher quality of life. Changes at the structural level of proteins involved in various physiological processes cause dysfunctions and implicitly lead to the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease which is activated by the degradation of amyloid fibers. The challenge of analyzing proteins with nanopores consists precisely of their large structural size and non-uniform charge loading. The current paper aims to synthesize some of the knowledge in the field to aid in the challenges raised by the experimental part of nanopore sensing for proteins.