Sponge City As A Civil Engineering Solution To Climate Change That Improves Urban Flood Resilience

Climate change and urbanization drive the demand for water management to make cities more water resilient. Climate change brings heavy precipitation and causes urban flooding, with conventional construction of cities no longer suitable given the rising risk of flooding. Characterized by constructing cities as large sponges that absorb and treat water, the idea of sponge cities is a solution to stormwater control and drainage water management, which can be achieved by creating water absorbing areas, increasing permeable surface, and integrating stormwater and drainage systems. To assess flood resilience, evaluation indicators have been introduced to measure the effectiveness of sponge cities. A case study was also provided in this review to demonstrate how the concept of sponge cities was put into practice.