Acoustic Propagation in Ocean Sediments using Biot Model

Ocean bottom is considered critical in the computations of Sonar and subsequent performance evaluation. During the detection and classification of submerged targets & threats (i.e. Submarines, Sea-mines, underwater structures, etc.), the scattered Sonar signals by the Ocean bottom may degrade due to interfering reverberation. Thus, it reduces the strength of desired target echo signal. The ocean bottom is usually entirely enclosed by sediments of various types and starting points including any store of insoluble material, mainly soil particles, and rocks. The movement of sediments from land to sea is due to many reasons which include wind, streams and ice. The remaining parts of marine life, results of submarine volcanism substances from seawater, and materials from space that collect on ocean bottom are also in the category of ocean sediments. For acoustic propagation evaluation, specified models of ocean sediments are required which can be extensively arranged by the wave hypothesis utilized (for example fluid, elastic, or poroelastic). In this paper, a study of the acoustic climate, hypotheses of wave spread in sediments, and models got from these speculations mainly focused. The method based on the Biot model with analytical technique to predict the propagation characteristics (velocity of wave and attenuation) of sound propagation in marine sediments are described. Various physical parameters that impact wave speed and attenuation, for example, porosity, grain size, permeability, and effective stress are also numerically analyzed. The simulations and results obtained through the Biot model are evaluated based on various data from the reference literature. Computer simulations are programmed using MATLAB.