Systematic review for Gaps Identification in Protection Schemes Implementation in Active Distribution Networks Using SGAM Framework and the IEC 62559-2 Methodology

The inclusion of Distributed Generation (DG) leads Active Distribution Networks (ADN) to face protection challenges due to the presence of bidirectional flows and the low short-circuit levels provided by these new sources. As network operators require protection schemes to solve the problems associated with DG, they must choose the techniques that best adapt to the existing network and analyze the implementation cost. In this context, the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) emerges as a technique to categorize public service processes within the generation chain and to be able to integrate novel processes based on precise descriptions. Therefore, the mentioned network architecture allows determining if it is possible to implement a protection scheme or another for the existing network by analyzing its main characteristics. This paper proposes a comparison between two ADN protection schemes using the IEC62559-2 methodology and the SGAM framework to identify characteristics and differences between these and, consequently, allows the network operator to make an adequate, better implementation decision. Finally, the results of the layers show the devices, scenarios, and locations of the protection schemes within the generation chain, allowing a proper comparison to be made.