The Optimal Location of EV Charging Stations at Surabaya Using the Location Set Covering Problem

Electric vehicle (EV) technology is the alternative solution to deal with the worsening air pollution problem in urban areas. An electric vehicle uses a battery for its power, which can be charged at home or at public EV charging stations. However, the availability of public electric vehicle charging stations is considered rare. In Surabaya, there are only 2 public electric vehicle charging stations, which are deemed unable to meet the demand. The construction of public electric vehicle charging station facilities must be mapped based on the coverage area. Thus, the location set covering problem method can be used in determining the optimal location of the charging stations. The candidate locations used are gas stations with the PERTAMINA brand and PLN offices in Surabaya. In Surabaya, there are 93 PERTAMINA gas stations and 12 PLN offices. From the experimental results, using the distance limitation of 9 km, the minimum number of locations is 4. For the distance limitation of 18 km, the minimum number of locations is 1. And with the limitation of only 10 EV charging stations, the result shows a distance of 5.2 km for each charging station. This result can be used by stakeholders to help them decide where to put the public electric vehicle charging stations in Surabaya.