MPC Based Dynamic Voltage Regulation Using Grid-Side BESPS With the Consideration of Communication Delay

Battery energy storage power stations (BESPS) play an important role in the power flow regulation in large-scaled micro-grids. It is proposed that the static Var compensator (SVC) be replaced by BESPS through activation of its dynamic voltage regulation (DVR) function so that the cost of SVC can be saved. An additional controller named energy storage coordination controller (ESCC) is needed to support the control algorithm of DVR and coordinate the individual battery energy storage system units. However, communication delay between the ESCC and the commercial BESS units is compounded by the difficulty of measuring the micro-grid (MG) bus voltage by ESCC. These issues should be considered in the design of the BESPS controller to avoid compromising the micro-grid operation. In this paper, we will be investigating model predictive control (MPC), Smith Predictor and PI based control schemes to deal with the communication delay issue. Kalman Filter based observer is designed to monitor the MG bus voltage as a feedback signal of the ESCC. The stability of the proposed method is further discussed and the results using the control hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testing are presented.