Age Dependent Exposure Estimation Using Numerical Methods

Anatomical human models of various age groups used in numerical dosimetry to estimate EM absorption within the human body. Numerical anatomical human models representing a sample of the population have been configured and modelled using an established commercially available computation technique, namely, CST Microwave Studio (MWS). These models have been simulated with very fine Cartesian volume cells (voxels) resolutions of up to 2 mm to ensure adequate representation of each organ, and to satisfy the numerical stability requirements. The dielectric properties for adult models were calculated based on Cole–Cole formulations, and the Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC) online calculator. In addition, age‐dependent effects on dielectric properties were realized by utilizing the novel age‐ and frequency‐dependent (AFD) method. In this method, three different techniques are developed to calculate AFD dielectric properties. Relaxation parameters for Cole–Cole model were also produced and compared with different sources and good agreement achieved to validate this method. This method utilizes the measured data of animals (porcine/pigs) tissues using curve‐fitting techniques to map the AFD dielectric properties to their appropriate human equivalent ones. CST MWS are widely used in the research community and have been further validated and used in this study. Details of the validation studies as well as the modelling and selection of dielectric properties for all age groups are discussed in detail in this chapter.