Fuzzy and Ant Colony Optimization Based Clustering and Routing Protocol in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a Fuzzy C Means clustering algorithm for choosing the cluster head by first taking the cluster's center into account, and then relying on the nodes' remaining energy, for reliable and energy-efficient inter-cluster multi-hop routing from cluster heads to the surface sink node, Ant Colony Optimization is applied. A comparative analysis of the proposed protocol is done with the Single Hop Fuzzy Energy Efficient Routing protocol and Multi-Hop Fuzzy Energy Efficient Routing protocol. The proposed protocol outperforms SH-FEER and MH-FEER in FND up to 27.36%, in network lifetime up to 11.76%, and in energy consumption up to 25.91%.