Research of Operating Modes and Features of Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into the Electric Power System

The implementation of the maximum power extraction function from solar panels is an important energy task, which can significantly increase the energy efficiency of solar energy. It is shown that the maximum power point that a solar panel can deliver depends on many parameters, such as current consumption, temperature, and illumination. In addition, solar panels have the property of degradation of the generated power over the years of operation. Thus, at a particular moment in time, the value of the maximum solar power can be obtained either by creating a complete multidimensional mathematical model and using temperature sensors, light sensors, and a timer for the operation of the solar panel from the moment of its production. The implementation of this function is possible by using pulsed semiconductor converters with pulse-width modulation by changing the duty cycle of pulse-width modulation from 0 to 1 and empirically determining the value of the maximum power that a solar panel can deliver and work at a given point while maintaining the required PWM duty cycle. Computer simulation was carried out, it confirmed the possibility of determining the point of maximum power by using a step-down pulse converter.