Fairness Evaluation of Health Service Facilities Based on Accessibility: A Case Study of the Metropolitan Area of Jinan City

Health is the most basic pursuit of human beings. People's requirements for health are increasing in modern urban life. The construction and allocation of urban health service facilities have attracted extensive attention from society. It is a significant guarantee to effectively respond to health emergencies and improve the sense of security of urban residents by ensuring the fairness of urban health services. In this study, an improved two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to evaluate the accessibility to health service facilities in the metropolitan area of Jinan City, and the fairness of health service facilities distribution was evaluated by the Gini coefficient with accessibility as a quantitative index. The results show that the accessibility to the health service facilities of Lixia District and Tianqiao District is higher, and the fairness of the two districts is the strongest, the Gini coefficient of the overall health service is 0.118 and 0.134 respectively, while that of Licheng District is 0.517, which means there is an “obvious gap” in spatial allocation. The overall health service's Gini coefficient of the study area is 0.259, the allocation of health service resources is reasonable. The conclusions and methods of this study can be extended to other study areas as a paradigm, which is of great significance for achieving the equalization of medical services, promoting social equity, and improving the level of urban development.