Comparison of Permanent Magnet Electric Motors Used in Electric Vehicles

Lately, PM (permanent magnet) motors have started to be used frequently due to advantages such as high efficiency, high power density, high torque, lower losses, lower magnet costs, and more effective control with the development of power electronics. PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) types and BLDCM (brushless direct current motor) types, two members of PM motors, have become frequently used motors in electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, PMSM and BLDCM are compared by optimizing magnet thicknesses, structures, and stator winding turn numbers, to improve the efficiency, using ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS RMxprt software. In the study, surface mount magnet synchronous motor SPMSM with the inner rotor, V-shaped PM inner rotor IPMSM (interior permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDCM with inner rotor embedded channel mount magnet, BLDCM with inner rotor embedded magnet, BLDCM with inner rotor surface mount magnet and BLDCM with outer rotor are compared.