On the Effects of Active Energy Community Participation in the Energy System

This paper explores the effects of active energy communities, as defined by EU Directive 2019/944, on the energy system using simulations modelled based on a real-world ecological community. The energy flexibility of this community is optimized towards the objectives peak reduction, cost minimization, and CO
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emission minimization. The resulting effects for different stakeholders, such as network operators and the community itself, are investigated using different performance indicators. The results show that energy imports can be reduced by 44% when peak reduction is applied. Conflicting objectives may lead to peak synchronization however, with the risk of deteriorating business cases if the network operator needs to intervene. This results in a risk where energy communities abstain from participation in energy market and its benefits.