Load Frequency Control of Geothermal Power Plant Incorporated Two-Area Hydro-Thermal System with AC-DC Lines

In this paper, load frequency control (LFC) of a two-area hydro-thermal (TAHT) system with the integration of a geothermal power plant (GTPP) in area-1 is considered for investigation. Proportional-integral-double derivative (PIDD) controller using the technique of water cycle algorithm (WCA) subjected to integral square error (ISE) index is presented as a secondary regulator. LFC analysis is carried out by subjugating area-1 of the investigative system with a step load perturbation of 10% (10%SLP). Efficacy of PIDD is demonstrated with the PI, and PID performances. Moreover, the supremacy of WCA-tuned PIDD is validated with recent control techniques reported in previous studies. Further, the GTPP integrated THAT system is enacted with an HVDC line as an additional tie-line in parallel with an existing line to achieve performance enhancement.