A Scoping Review of the Use of Log Data for Evaluating Mobile Apps: Exploring Implications for mHealth Apps

There is a growing trend in the potential benefits and application of log data to evaluate mHealth Apps. Unfortunately, log analyses within this field are faced with challenges such as unregulated processes, questionable validity of the findings, and subjective assessment criteria resulting in the underutilization of mHealth data. To increase the use and benefit of mHealth data, there is a call for more complete data and process transparency to derive trustworthy evidence of the Apps’ efficacy. We aimed to explore extant literature and guidance through a scoping review of how log data analysis can be used to generate valuable insights supporting the evaluation of mobile Apps. The scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines for a scoping review. The Scopus database and grey literature (through a Google search) delivered 105 articles, and we applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to retain 33 articles in the sample for analysis and synthesis. This scoping review sought to identify how log data are used for mobile App evaluations. By highlighting the existing trends found in the literature, identifying the similarities and differences between mHealth and General App analyses, and categorizing the indicators, insights, and improvements, this study contributes to the existing knowledge base of mHealth evaluations and future standardizations. The concepts and categories identified by this review are combined to form a conceptual framework that will be refined and incorporated into future research toward addressing the gap identified in the current literature.