Metagrating-Assisted High-Directivity Sparse Regular Antenna Arrays for Scanning Applications

We present an analytical scheme for designing metagrating (MG)-enhanced sparse antenna arrays. Unlike previous work, the proposed method does not involve time-consuming cost function optimizations, complex structural manipulations on the active array, or demanding computational capabilities. Instead, it merely requires the integration of a passive MG superstrate, a planar periodic arrangement of subwavelength capacitively loaded wires (meta-atoms), synthesized conveniently via a semianalytical procedure to guarantee suppression of grating lobes in the sparse configuration. Correspondingly, we extend previous formulations to enable excitation of the MG by the active array elements, deriving analytical relations connecting the passive and active element distribution and electrical properties with the scattered fields, eventually allowing resolution of the detailed device configuration leading to optimal directivity. Importantly, considering typical active array applications, the semianalytical synthesis scheme is further developed to take full advantage of the various degrees of freedom in the system, harnessing them to support scanning in a wide range of extreme angles while maintaining a single directive beam. The resultant methodology, verified in simulations to work well also for large finite arrays, offers an original path for mitigating grating lobes in sparse arrays with scanning capabilities, yielding a complete printed-circuit-board (PCB) compatible design without relying on full-wave optimization.