Shadow-Background-Noise 3D Spatial Decomposition Using Sparse Low-Rank Gaussian Properties for Video-SAR Moving Target Shadow Enhancement

Moving target shadows among video synthetic aperture radar (Video-SAR) images are always interfered with by low scattering backgrounds and cluttered noises, causing poor detection-tracking accuracy. Thus, a shadow-background-noise 3D spatial decomposition (SBN-3D-SD) model is proposed to enhance shadows for higher detection-tracking accuracy. It leverages the sparse property of shadows, the low-rank property of backgrounds, and the Gaussian property of noises to perform 3-D spatial three-decomposition. It separates shadows from backgrounds and noises by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Results on the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) data verify its effectiveness. It boosts the shadow saliency from the qualitative and quantitative evaluation. It boosts the shadow detection accuracy of Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet, and YOLOv3. It also boosts the shadow tracking accuracy of TransTrack, FairMOT, and ByteTrack.