Research on Microwave Energy Beam Control Technology with Clear Field Distribution

In this paper, aiming at the problem of beam direction control in the process of microwave wireless energy transmission from the solar power station in space orbit to the ground, a method for accurately measuring the transmission deflection angle of the energy beam with a clear field distribution is studied, which can improve the transmission efficiency of microwave energy and reduce the energy overflow loss. At present, the key point of energy beam control technology is to measure the beam transmission deflection angle. Different from the previous beam transmission direction control based on the phase of energy beam, this paper starts from the field distribution of energy beam with Gaussian distribution and solves the problem from the perspective of field strength measurement. By constructing a space rectangular coordinate system and arranging field strength detection points, the geometric relationship between the transmitting antenna, receiving antenna and field strength detection points is studied, and the beam center coordinates when the energy beam is transmitted to the ground are derived, so that the beam transmission deflection angle can be obtained. On this basis, a simulation experiment is designed to verify the proposed method, and the results show that the measurement error of beam deflection is less than 0.02°. The method proposed in this paper can meet the technical requirement that the beam deflection measurement error is less than 0.02° during the wireless transmission of microwave energy. This method can provide a reference for the beam control technology of space solar power station.