Design and Performance Analysis of a Wideband Yagi-Uda Antenna for the Early Stage On-Body Cancer and Tumor Diagnosis

Cancers and Tumors have been a serious concern for mankind since a long time back. Tumor-affected major body parts have been a common scenario. Considering this issue, a high gain Yagi-Uda Antenna's simulation has been done by using the CST Studio Suite Software suitable for Microwave Imaging (MI) for diagnosing the cancer and tumor of the human leg at 1.09 GHz (L-Band) Resonant Frequency. For design purpose, Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) has been used as a substrate material. A human leg phantom has been created in the CST Software that consists of the tissues such as - Skin, Fat, Skeletal Muscle, Bone (Cortical), and Bone Marrow by using their Dielectric Properties. Then, a tumor with 4 mm size tumor has also been portrayed in the leg. The output results of the Yagi-Uda Antenna was obtained on the Free Space condition and after implementing the Antenna in the human leg without and with the presence of tumor. After doing the simulation, a Return Loss (S
1,1
) of −39.6 dB, −35.76 dB, and−35.8 dB were obtained in free space, without tumor, and with tumor, respectively. The obtained VSWR values were less than 1.1, with an efficiency value of around 95% in all cases. The other obtained parameters after implementing the Antenna in the human leg without and with tumor-free cases are Gain, Directivity, Radiation Efficiency, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Polar Radiation, etc. From the determined results, a detailed analysis of the simulated Antenna has also been made, which validates the goal of the research to a great extent.