Intelligent Integration of Large-scale Grid-connected Alkaline Electrolyzers for the Carbon-neutral Energy Systems

The inherent intermittent output characteristics of renewable energy sources (RES) have an adverse impact on the demand side, which greatly limits its penetration and utilization. In this context, emerging technologies for hydrogen production by water electrolysis provide the necessary flexibility to complement the uncontrollability of the power supply side for better integration of abundant RES. This paper mainly summarizes modelling, optimal scheduling, application scenarios and their assessment of large-scale water alkaline electrolyzers (WAE) in grid-connected operation modes, and discusses the challenges of WAE systems’ digitalization, optimal scheduling of green hydrogen, and future research directions of wind-hydrogen dominated renewable energy systems (WHDRES) based on artificial intelligence.