Automatic Watering System for Smart Agriculture using ESP32 Platform

Agriculture can be transformed into smart agriculture due to the advanced wireless network and the Internet of Things (IoT). As the human population increases, so does the demand for crops. With real-time monitoring, a smart agriculture system’s awareness of soil moisture measurement, humidity, and environmental temperature will increase food security. In addition, smart agriculture can increase crop yield, reduce water waste, and boost productivity. In light of this, this study proposes smart agriculture, which employs sensor-based monitoring in real-time without human intervention. Users have direct access to real-time data, and all sensor data is recorded and monitored at all times and from anywhere within the internet’s coverage area. The development of a mobile application facilitates growth monitoring and user access to data. This research measures yield-affecting agricultural factors such as soil moisture, humidity, and temperature. Nonetheless, monitoring environmental factors is crucial to increasing crop yields. The experiment was conducted on two chili plants, one with an automation system and one without, which were manually watered once daily at 7:00 a.m. It is estimated that the plant with the system can maintain the optimal moisture level, whereas the other plant’s moisture measurement continues to decrease. Compared to manual watering, automatic watering also results in accelerated plant growth. Consequently, a smart agriculture system is anticipated to improve plant growth and system efficiency.