From a factory to a person: one approach for sustainable and service-oriented manufacturing scheme

The most important issue of manufacturing in the 21st century is the change of manufacturing scheme from mass-production/consumption to a new one that enables sustainable development. The authors propose a new manufacturing scheme that opens manufacturing activities, knowledge, skills, and facilities, which have been enclosed in industrial factories, to everybody who wants to develop and fabricate his/her own artifacts. The scheme, named Person-Achieved Ubiquitous Manufacturing (PAUM), will also change the styles of product design, industrial business, the flow of materials, product recycling loops, and education of engineering.