A Maximum Localization Rate Algorithm for 3D Large-Scale UWSNs

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) play an increasingly important role in monitoring the marine environment. The research of sensor node localization is one of the biggest concerns in UWSNs, but there are still many formidable obstacles to overcome, including localization accuracy, localization rate, and other issues. In contrast to localization accuracy, however, few studies focus on increasing the node localization rate. Therefore, this paper proposes a maximum localization rate (MLR) algorithm for 3D large-scale UWSNs. In view of the number of anchor nodes around the unknown node, the MLR algorithm designs different positioning strategies, such as the triangular cosine method and the dynamic position-assisted localization method. The MLR algorithm also adopts the regular tetrahedron network topology and the collinear judgment mechanism to guarantee localization accuracy. The simulation results demonstrate that excluding isolated nodes, the MLR algorithm can achieve the maximum localization rate while maintaining a certain level of positioning accuracy at the same time.