Perspectives on Lithium-Based Batteries and Post-Lithium Batteries for Electric Vehicles

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) has been recognized as a significant policy by global governments, which will promote the progress of green transportation and smart city. As the energy storage system, batteries determine the EVs’ cruise range and service life. This article reviews the lithium-based batteries and post-lithium batteries. The key performance indicators are discussed, while the challenges to automobile batteries are identified in three aspects, which are energy density, fast-charging capacity, and safety. In the next decade(s), lithiumion batteries will continuously dominate the battery market. Promisingly, as a kind of post-lithium-ion technology, the solid-state battery is emerging and will increase the energy density and cruise range for EVs. Further technical breakthroughs are desired in improving the fast-charging capability and cycle life while reducing cost.