On the detection of vehicular crashes-system characteristics and architecture

Safety systems for ground vehicles are deployed in different phases according to the timing of activation relative to the occurrence instant of an accident. Collision warning or avoidance systems function prior to an accident, while occupant protection systems act during a collision to mitigate the damage or injuries caused by an accident. This paper deals with crash sensing systems that detect a collision and evaluate the severity of a crash. One major application of these sensing systems is their current use in occupant restraint systems. They may also be utilized in the future for advanced vehicle control and safety systems. With air bags becoming standard equipment in new passenger vehicles, crash sensing technologies have advanced considerably. Yet, existing challenges and new innovations continue to demand improvements in their functions. This paper focuses on the system performance of crash sensing systems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of addressing various design issues from both a component level and a system perspective. Through the discussions of crash data analysis, the design concepts of crash sensors are highlighted. The characteristics of representative mechanical and electronic sensors are analyzed and the guidelines of sensor selection to meet design requirements are discussed. Also, an assessment of sensor reliability is reviewed with various system architectures. Finally, suggestions are made to enhance system performance in areas that may benefit from the addition of sensing functionality. The public has become conscientiously aware of the importance of transportation safety. With more advanced technologies introduced into ground vehicles, the safety concerns will intensify. The demand for a friendly driving environment and vehicle interior will further promote the requirements of vehicular safety systems. Crash sensing will remain a challenging and active area for years to come.