Optimal Black-Start Restoration Assisted by Mobile Energy Storage

This paper studies a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation on the application of mobile energy storage (MES) to assist with black-start restoration following the full blackout of an electrical network. By synthesizing techniques in the literature to model generator black start and MES activity, the formulation is the first to integrate the two concepts. Furthermore, it recognizes that the manner in which MES facilitates black-start (BS) restoration may differ depending on what component damages occurred during the event that induced the blackout. Within the IEEE 14-Bus System, testing of the formulation has not only confirmed its efficacy but also underscored circumstances where BS restoration could especially benefit from MES intervention in practice. With an MES sized at 2.59% of total MW generation capacity, in certain damage configuration categories the median load energy unserved is reduced by as much as 45.52 MWh (8.26%), and the median final load supplied is raised by as much as 22.98 MW (10.39%).