Delay-Dependent Stability Analysis of Multi-Area LFC-EVs System

In this study, the delay-dependent stability of a multi-area Load Frequency Control (LFC) system with Electric Vehicle (EV) aggregators is investigated with the help of the Advanced Clustering with Frequency Sweeping (ACFS) method for incommensurate time delays. Both Integer-Order (IO) and Fractional-Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controllers are utilized as a controller. The communication infrastructure used in LFC systems induces time delays resulting in deteriorations in the system stability. Even if the maximum allowable delay margin limits are not exceeded, these inevitable time delays could cause undesired frequency deviations and tie-line power fluctuations. The ACFS method is employed in this study to investigate impacts of time delays and to ensure better controller performance objectives taking into account the effects of time delays. Firstly, 2-dimensional (2D) stability delay maps are obtained for various LFC-EVs system parameters. The stability regions are then verified by the Quasi-Polynomial Mapping Root (QPmR) finder algorithm and MATLAB/Simulink-based time-domain simulations. The results clearly show that the participation of the EV aggregators in traditional LFC systems improves the frequency regulation and tie-line power-sharing in the system. Finally, it is concluded that the stability regions are enhanced as the fractional order of the FOPI decreases.