Model-Free Bidirectional Synchronous Rectification Control Scheme for LLC-Based Energy Storage System in Electric-Vehicle Energy Router

LLC resonant converters have been widely used in electric-vehicle energy routers (EVER) as part of energy storage (ES) systems, resulting in the increased demand for bidirectional synchronous rectification (SR) control. However, conventional bidirectional SR schemes are, respectively, limited by the high cost of current sensing, the difficulty of high voltage sensing, narrow operating range, or high computational burden, especially for EVER. To deal with this problem, this article proposes a model-free bidirectional SR control scheme for LLC-based ES systems in EVER. First, a novel SR tuning principle based on Kirchhoff’s law and the phase relationship between the inverter control signal and rectifier-side current is proposed. It no longer needs to calculate complicated models. Based on this principle, SR control signals in both forward and reverse modes are tuned by known signals available from the main controller in the ES system. To this end, no additional sensing component is required, and the cost of SR is reduced. Meanwhile, an adaptive dc bus current compensation strategy is designed. It can guarantee high SR accuracy in the reverse mode without sensing the dc bus current. Moreover, an analog–digital mixed implementation is provided in which signal computation is performed by an analog circuit. With these effects, the proposed scheme can achieve bidirectional SR control effectively over a wide operating range with a low computational burden on the controller. A 400-/36-V 1-kW bidirectional LLC prototype is built to verify the proposed scheme.