Biomedical Implantable Antenna with Fractal Geometry

This paper aims at presenting the design and implementation of the fractal antenna with a dual-ring slot structure for biomedical applications in the ISM frequency band (2.4 GHz - 2.48 GHz) . Inscribed square circular fractal geometry is used to make the antenna compact and with wideband characteristics. Thin and biocompatible substrate-superstrate layers are used in designing this implantable antenna to attain human body insulation and flexibility. The human body proves to be a hostile environment from radio wave propagation in contrast with the conventional wireless system. This environment is extremely lossy and affects the antenna parameters and hence lowers the gain of the implanted antenna. To minimize this effect, techniques like encapsulation are used. Moreover, a ring and a hemispherical lens is used externally in order to enhance the gain and reduce SAR. A comparative analysis has been done for the various stages of the designed antenna to get the best one suitable for the application.