Propagation of VLF Waves in the Magnetosphere from the DSX Spacecraft

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) operated the Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) spacecraft in a 6000 x 12,000 km, 42° orbit for nearly two years spanning 2019-2021. Along with a suite of particle sensors, DSX carried a high-power very low frequency (VLF) transmitter and a sensitive receiver, both connected to an 80m dipole antenna. The system injected a variety of VLF waveforms into the inner magnetosphere to study wave propagation effects and interactions with relativistic trapped electrons.