Terahertz Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons on the Atomic Scale

Ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy is an important tool for exploring new materials, yet unravelling some phenomena requires ultrafast experiments with atomic resolution such as terahertz scanning tunneling microscopy (THz-STM). Here, we advance THz-STM as a diagnostic technique for materials science by demonstrating terahertz scanning tunneling spectroscopy (THz-STS) with atomic spatial resolution and introduce an algorithm for extracting the underlying differential conductance from THz-STS measurements in both steady-state and pump-probe scenarios.