Scheduling Management of Controllable Load Participating in Power Grid Enhanced by Double-Chain Structure

Smart grid has emerged as a successful application of cyber-physical systems in the electric power system. Among numerous key technologies of the smart grid, blockchain technology provides a promising solution to reduce the level of demand-side management by ensuring fair competition among all participating entities. However, it brings problems that it is difficult to balance decentralization and platform performance in the controllable scenario in the smart grid. In this paper, we propose a fair and efficient main/side chain framework by exploring the scalability of blockchain, integrating the operation of power entities, and building the decision-making model. First, we develop a main/side blockchain-based electric trading mechanism for controllable load. Then, we consider the operation and maintenance cost of power entities, and propose two decision-making model functions including controllable load and load agents. The optimization problem falls into the category of difference of convex programming and is solved by using the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Next, we propose the framework that the transaction process and power flow calculation process are deployed on the main chain and side chain respectively, which ensures the efficiency of the main chain. Finally, the performance of the proposed structure is validated via numerical results and theoretical analysis.