Extended Kalman Filter for Normal and Oxygen-starved PEM Fuel Cells using a Lumped Pseudo-2D Model

This paper develops an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for both normal and fully oxygen-starved polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The underlying model for the EKF is a lumped version of a pseudo-2D model of a fuel cell. This paper serves as a proof of concept for using an EKF to accurately predict the output voltage of the fuel cell based on the input current density, impurities in the anode, and oxygen starvation. The results show a high agreement between the pseudo-2D model and the EKF model for the normal operation of a fuel cell. However, this agreement is weaker in the case of a fully starved fuel cell operation.